The World Market for Iron, Steel, or Copper Springs and Leaves for Springs: A 2016 Global Trade Perspective

This report was created for strategic planners, international executives and import/export managers who are concerned with the market for iron, steel, or copper springs and leaves for springs. With the globalization of this market, managers can no longer be contented with a local view. Nor can managers be contented with out-of-date statistics that appear several years after the fact. I have developed a methodology, based on macroeconomic and trade models, to estimate the market for iron, steel, or copper springs and leaves for springs for those countries serving the world market via exports or supplying from various countries via imports. I do so for the current year based on a variety of key historical indicators and econometric models. On the demand side, exporters and strategic planners approaching the world market face a number of questions. Which countries are supplying iron, steel, or copper springs and leaves for springs? What is the dollar value of these imports? How much do the imports of iron, steel, or copper springs and leaves for springs vary from one country to another? Do exporters serving the world market have similar market shares across the importing countries? Which countries supply the most exports of iron, steel, or copper springs and leaves for springs? Which countries are buying their exports? What is the value of these exports and which countries are the largest buyers?

1 METHODOLOGY 10 1.1 Our Approach 10 2 THE WORLD MARKET 16 2.1 Exports 16 2.1.1 The World Market: Iron, Steel, or Copper Springs and Leaves for Springs Export Supplies in 2016 16 2.2 Imports 18 2.2.1 The World Market: Imported Iron, Steel, or Copper Springs and Leaves for Springs in 2016 18 3 EXPORTS 22 3.1 Africa: Export Supplies of Iron, Steel, or Copper Springs and Leaves for Springs 22 3.1.1 Executive Summary 22 3.1.2 Algeria 25 3.1.3 Botswana 26 3.1.4 Cameroon 26 3.1.5 Egypt 26 3.1.6 Ghana 26 3.1.7 Kenya 27 3.1.8 Morocco 27 3.1.9 South Africa 28 3.1.10 Tunisia 29 3.2 Asia: Export Supplies of Iron, Steel, or Copper Springs and Leaves for Springs 29 3.2.1 Executive Summary 29 3.2.2 Bangladesh 33 3.2.3 Cambodia 34 3.2.4 China 35 3.2.5 Hong Kong 36 3.2.6 India 37 3.2.7 Indonesia 38 3.2.8 Japan 39 3.2.9 Macau 40 3.2.10 Malaysia 41 3.2.11 North Korea 42 3.2.12 Philippines 42 3.2.13 Singapore 43 3.2.14 South Korea 44 3.2.15 Sri Lanka 45 3.2.16 Taiwan 46 3.2.17 Thailand 47 3.2.18 Vietnam 48 3.3 Europe: Export Supplies of Iron, Steel, or Copper Springs and Leaves for Springs 48 3.3.1 Executive Summary 48 3.3.2 Albania 52 3.3.3 Andorra 53 3.3.4 Austria 54 3.3.5 Belarus 55 3.3.6 Belgium 56 3.3.7 Bulgaria 57 3.3.8 Croatia 58 3.3.9 Cyprus 58 3.3.10 Czech Republic 59 3.3.11 Denmark 60 3.3.12 Estonia 61 3.3.13 Finland 62 3.3.14 France 63 3.3.15 Georgia 64 3.3.16 Germany 65 3.3.17 Greece 66 3.3.18 Hungary 67 3.3.19 Ireland 68 3.3.20 Italy 69 3.3.21 Latvia 70 3.3.22 Lithuania 70 3.3.23 Luxembourg 70 3.3.24 Malta 71 3.3.25 Norway 71 3.3.26 Poland 72 3.3.27 Portugal 73 3.3.28 Romania 74 3.3.29 Russia 75 3.3.30 Slovakia 76 3.3.31 Slovenia 77 3.3.32 Spain 78 3.3.33 Sweden 79 3.3.34 Switzerland 80 3.3.35 the Netherlands 81 3.3.36 the United Kingdom 82 3.3.37 Ukraine 83 3.4 Latin America: Export Supplies of Iron, Steel, or Copper Springs and Leaves for Springs 83 3.4.1 Executive Summary 83 3.4.2 Argentina 88 3.4.3 Bolivia 88 3.4.4 Brazil 89 3.4.5 Chile 90 3.4.6 Colombia 90 3.4.7 El Salvador 90 3.4.8 Guatemala 91 3.4.9 Honduras 91 3.4.10 Mexico 92 3.4.11 Panama 93 3.4.12 Peru 93 3.4.13 Venezuela 93 3.5 North America & the Caribbean: Export Supplies of Iron, Steel, or Copper Springs and Leaves for Springs 94 3.5.1 Executive Summary 94 3.5.2 Antigua and Barbuda 97 3.5.3 Barbados 98 3.5.4 Canada 99 3.5.5 Dominican Republic 100 3.5.6 the Netherlands Antilles 100 3.5.7 the United States 101 3.6 Oceana: Export Supplies of Iron, Steel, or Copper Springs and Leaves for Springs 102 3.6.1 Executive Summary 102 3.6.2 Australia 106 3.6.3 New Zealand 107 3.7 the Middle East: Export Supplies of Iron, Steel, or Copper Springs and Leaves for Springs 107 3.7.1 Executive Summary 107 3.7.2 Afghanistan 111 3.7.3 Azerbaijan 112 3.7.4 Iran 112 3.7.5 Israel 113 3.7.6 Pakistan 113 3.7.7 Saudi Arabia 114 3.7.8 Syrian Arab Republic 114 3.7.9 Tajikistan 114 3.7.10 the United Arab Emirates 115 3.7.11 Turkey 116 4 IMPORTS 117 4.1 Africa: Iron, Steel, or Copper Springs and Leaves for Springs Imports in 2016 117 4.1.1 Executive Summary 117 4.1.2 Algeria 121 4.1.3 Botswana 121 4.1.4 Burkina Faso 122 4.1.5 Cameroon 122 4.1.6 Cape Verde 123 4.1.7 Cote d'Ivoire 123 4.1.8 Egypt 124 4.1.9 Ethiopia 125 4.1.10 Ghana 126 4.1.11 Kenya 127 4.1.12 Madagascar 127 4.1.13 Malawi 128 4.1.14 Mali 128 4.1.15 Mauritius 129 4.1.16 Morocco 130 4.1.17 Mozambique 131 4.1.18 Niger 131 4.1.19 Nigeria 132 4.1.20 Senegal 133 4.1.21 South Africa 134 4.1.22 Tanzania 135 4.1.23 Tunisia 136 4.1.24 Uganda 136 4.1.25 Zambia 137 4.1.26 Zimbabwe 137 4.2 Asia: Iron, Steel, or Copper Springs and Leaves for Springs Imports in 2016 137 4.2.1 Executive Summary 137 4.2.2 Bhutan 141 4.2.3 China 142 4.2.4 Hong Kong 143 4.2.5 India 144 4.2.6 Indonesia 145 4.2.7 Japan 146 4.2.8 Macau 147 4.2.9 Malaysia 148 4.2.10 Maldives 149 4.2.11 Nepal 149 4.2.12 Philippines 150 4.2.13 Singapore 151 4.2.14 South Korea 152 4.2.15 Sri Lanka 153 4.2.16 Taiwan 154 4.2.17 Thailand 155 4.3 Europe: Iron, Steel, or Copper Springs and Leaves for Springs Imports in 2016 156 4.3.1 Executive Summary 156 4.3.2 Albania 159 4.3.3 Austria 160 4.3.4 Belarus 161 4.3.5 Belgium 162 4.3.6 Bosnia and Herzegovina 163 4.3.7 Bulgaria 164 4.3.8 Croatia 165 4.3.9 Cyprus 165 4.3.10 Czech Republic 166 4.3.11 Denmark 167 4.3.12 Estonia 168 4.3.13 Finland 169 4.3.14 France 170 4.3.15 Georgia 171 4.3.16 Germany 172 4.3.17 Greece 173 4.3.18 Hungary 174 4.3.19 Iceland 175 4.3.20 Ireland 176 4.3.21 Italy 177 4.3.22 Kazakhstan 178 4.3.23 Latvia 179 4.3.24 Lithuania 180 4.3.25 Luxembourg 181 4.3.26 Malta 181 4.3.27 Moldova 182 4.3.28 Norway 183 4.3.29 Poland 184 4.3.30 Portugal 185 4.3.31 Romania 186 4.3.32 Russia 187 4.3.33 Slovakia 188 4.3.34 Slovenia 189 4.3.35 Spain 190 4.3.36 Sweden 191 4.3.37 Switzerland 192 4.3.38 the Netherlands 193 4.3.39 the United Kingdom 194 4.3.40 Ukraine 195 4.4 Latin America: Iron, Steel, or Copper Springs and Leaves for Springs Imports in 2016 196 4.4.1 Executive Summary 196 4.4.2 Argentina 200 4.4.3 Belize 201 4.4.4 Bolivia 201 4.4.5 Brazil 202 4.4.6 Chile 203 4.4.7 Colombia 204 4.4.8 Costa Rica 205 4.4.9 Ecuador 206 4.4.10 El Salvador 206 4.4.11 Guatemala 207 4.4.12 Guyana 207 4.4.13 Mexico 208 4.4.14 Nicaragua 209 4.4.15 Panama 209 4.4.16 Paraguay 210 4.4.17 Peru 211 4.4.18 Suriname 212 4.4.19 Venezuela 213 4.5 North America & the Caribbean: Iron, Steel, or Copper Springs and Leaves for Springs Imports in 2016 214 4.5.1 Executive Summary 214 4.5.2 Antigua and Barbuda 217 4.5.3 Aruba 218 4.5.4 Barbados 218 4.5.5 Bermuda 218 4.5.6 Canada 219 4.5.7 Dominican Republic 220 4.5.8 Jamaica 220 4.5.9 the Bahamas 221 4.5.10 the United States 222 4.6 Oceana: Iron, Steel, or Copper Springs and Leaves for Springs Imports in 2016 223 4.6.1 Executive Summary 223 4.6.2 Australia 227 4.6.3 French Polynesia 228 4.6.4 New Caledonia 228 4.6.5 New Zealand 229 4.7 the Middle East: Iron, Steel, or Copper Springs and Leaves for Springs Imports in 2016 229 4.7.1 Executive Summary 229 4.7.2 Armenia 234 4.7.3 Azerbaijan 234 4.7.4 Bahrain 235 4.7.5 Iran 235 4.7.6 Israel 236 4.7.7 Jordan 237 4.7.8 Kyrgyzstan 237 4.7.9 Lebanon 238 4.7.10 Oman 238 4.7.11 Pakistan 239 4.7.12 Qatar 240 4.7.13 Saudi Arabia 241 4.7.14 the United Arab Emirates 242 4.7.15 Turkey 243 5 DISCLAIMERS, WARRANTEES, AND USER AGREEMENT PROVISIONS 244 5.1 Disclaimers & Safe Harbor 244 5.2 ICON Group International, Inc. User Agreement Provisions 245