The World Market for Non-Monetary Gold: A 2016 Global Trade Perspective

This report was created for strategic planners, international executives and import/export managers who are concerned with the market for non-monetary gold. With the globalization of this market, managers can no longer be contented with a local view. Nor can managers be contented with out-of-date statistics that appear several years after the fact. I have developed a methodology, based on macroeconomic and trade models, to estimate the market for non-monetary gold for those countries serving the world market via exports or supplying from various countries via imports. I do so for the current year based on a variety of key historical indicators and econometric models. On the demand side, exporters and strategic planners approaching the world market face a number of questions. Which countries are supplying non-monetary gold? What is the dollar value of these imports? How much do the imports of non-monetary gold vary from one country to another? Do exporters serving the world market have similar market shares across the importing countries? Which countries supply the most exports of non-monetary gold? Which countries are buying their exports? What is the value of these exports and which countries are the largest buyers?

1 METHODOLOGY 11 1.1 Our Approach 11 2 THE WORLD MARKET 13 2.1 Exports 13 2.1.1 The World Market: Non-Monetary Gold Export Supplies in 2016 13 2.2 Imports 15 2.2.1 The World Market: Imported Non-Monetary Gold in 2016 15 3 EXPORTS 19 3.1 Africa: Export Supplies of Non-Monetary Gold 19 3.1.1 Executive Summary 19 3.1.2 Algeria 22 3.1.3 Benin 23 3.1.4 Burkina Faso 23 3.1.5 Burundi 23 3.1.6 Cameroon 24 3.1.7 Central African Republic 24 3.1.8 Chad 24 3.1.9 Comoros 24 3.1.10 Congo (formerly Zaire) 25 3.1.11 Cote d'Ivoire 25 3.1.12 Djibouti 25 3.1.13 Egypt 26 3.1.14 Equatorial Guinea 26 3.1.15 Eritrea 26 3.1.16 Ethiopia 26 3.1.17 Gabon 27 3.1.18 Ghana 27 3.1.19 Guinea 28 3.1.20 Kenya 28 3.1.21 Liberia 28 3.1.22 Madagascar 29 3.1.23 Mali 29 3.1.24 Mauritania 29 3.1.25 Mauritius 30 3.1.26 Morocco 30 3.1.27 Mozambique 30 3.1.28 Namibia 31 3.1.29 Nigeria 31 3.1.30 Rwanda 31 3.1.31 Senegal 31 3.1.32 Sierra Leone 32 3.1.33 Somalia 32 3.1.34 South Africa 33 3.1.35 Sudan 33 3.1.36 Swaziland 34 3.1.37 Tanzania 34 3.1.38 the Gambia 34 3.1.39 Togo 34 3.1.40 Tunisia 35 3.1.41 Uganda 35 3.1.42 Zambia 35 3.1.43 Zimbabwe 35 3.2 Asia: Export Supplies of Non-Monetary Gold 36 3.2.1 Executive Summary 36 3.2.2 Brunei 39 3.2.3 Cambodia 40 3.2.4 China 41 3.2.5 Hong Kong 42 3.2.6 India 43 3.2.7 Indonesia 43 3.2.8 Japan 44 3.2.9 Malaysia 45 3.2.10 Mongolia 45 3.2.11 Papua New Guinea 46 3.2.12 Philippines 46 3.2.13 Singapore 47 3.2.14 South Korea 48 3.2.15 Sri Lanka 48 3.2.16 Taiwan 49 3.2.17 Thailand 49 3.2.18 Vietnam 50 3.3 Europe: Export Supplies of Non-Monetary Gold 50 3.3.1 Executive Summary 50 3.3.2 Albania 54 3.3.3 Andorra 55 3.3.4 Austria 56 3.3.5 Belarus 56 3.3.6 Belgium 57 3.3.7 Bosnia and Herzegovina 57 3.3.8 Bulgaria 58 3.3.9 Croatia 58 3.3.10 Cyprus 58 3.3.11 Czech Republic 59 3.3.12 Denmark 59 3.3.13 Estonia 60 3.3.14 Finland 60 3.3.15 France 61 3.3.16 Georgia 62 3.3.17 Germany 63 3.3.18 Greece 64 3.3.19 Hungary 64 3.3.20 Iceland 64 3.3.21 Ireland 65 3.3.22 Italy 66 3.3.23 Kazakhstan 67 3.3.24 Latvia 67 3.3.25 Lithuania 67 3.3.26 Luxembourg 68 3.3.27 Macedonia 68 3.3.28 Malta 68 3.3.29 Moldova 69 3.3.30 Norway 69 3.3.31 Poland 69 3.3.32 Portugal 70 3.3.33 Romania 70 3.3.34 Russia 71 3.3.35 Slovakia 71 3.3.36 Slovenia 72 3.3.37 Spain 72 3.3.38 Sweden 73 3.3.39 Switzerland 74 3.3.40 the Netherlands 75 3.3.41 the United Kingdom 76 3.3.42 Ukraine 77 3.4 Latin America: Export Supplies of Non-Monetary Gold 77 3.4.1 Executive Summary 77 3.4.2 Argentina 80 3.4.3 Belize 81 3.4.4 Bolivia 81 3.4.5 Brazil 81 3.4.6 Chile 82 3.4.7 Colombia 82 3.4.8 Costa Rica 82 3.4.9 Ecuador 83 3.4.10 El Salvador 83 3.4.11 Guatemala 83 3.4.12 Guyana 84 3.4.13 Honduras 84 3.4.14 Mexico 84 3.4.15 Nicaragua 85 3.4.16 Panama 85 3.4.17 Paraguay 85 3.4.18 Peru 86 3.4.19 Suriname 86 3.4.20 Venezuela 86 3.5 North America & the Caribbean: Export Supplies of Non-Monetary Gold 87 3.5.1 Executive Summary 87 3.5.2 Anguilla 90 3.5.3 Antigua and Barbuda 91 3.5.4 Aruba 91 3.5.5 Barbados 91 3.5.6 Bermuda 91 3.5.7 Canada 92 3.5.8 Cuba 92 3.5.9 Dominica 93 3.5.10 Dominican Republic 93 3.5.11 Grenada 93 3.5.12 Jamaica 93 3.5.13 St. Lucia 94 3.5.14 St. Vincent and the Grenadines 94 3.5.15 the Bahamas 94 3.5.16 the Netherlands Antilles 94 3.5.17 the United States 95 3.5.18 Trinidad and Tobago 96 3.6 Oceana: Export Supplies of Non-Monetary Gold 96 3.6.1 Executive Summary 96 3.6.2 Australia 100 3.6.3 Fiji 100 3.6.4 French Polynesia 101 3.6.5 New Caledonia 101 3.6.6 New Zealand 101 3.6.7 Solomon Islands 101 3.7 the Middle East: Export Supplies of Non-Monetary Gold 102 3.7.1 Executive Summary 102 3.7.2 Afghanistan 105 3.7.3 Armenia 106 3.7.4 Azerbaijan 106 3.7.5 Bahrain 106 3.7.6 Iran 106 3.7.7 Iraq 107 3.7.8 Israel 107 3.7.9 Jordan 108 3.7.10 Kuwait 108 3.7.11 Kyrgyzstan 108 3.7.12 Lebanon 109 3.7.13 Oman 109 3.7.14 Pakistan 109 3.7.15 Qatar 110 3.7.16 Saudi Arabia 110 3.7.17 Syrian Arab Republic 110 3.7.18 the United Arab Emirates 111 3.7.19 Turkey 112 3.7.20 Uzbekistan 112 3.7.21 Yemen 113 4 IMPORTS 114 4.1 Africa: Non-Monetary Gold Imports in 2016 114 4.1.1 Executive Summary 114 4.1.2 Egypt 118 4.1.3 Kenya 118 4.1.4 Mali 118 4.1.5 Mauritius 119 4.1.6 Morocco 119 4.1.7 Nigeria 119 4.1.8 Senegal 120 4.1.9 South Africa 120 4.1.10 Tunisia 120 4.1.11 Zimbabwe 121 4.2 Asia: Non-Monetary Gold Imports in 2016 121 4.2.1 Executive Summary 121 4.2.2 Cambodia 124 4.2.3 Hong Kong 125 4.2.4 India 126 4.2.5 Indonesia 127 4.2.6 Japan 128 4.2.7 Malaysia 129 4.2.8 Nepal 130 4.2.9 Philippines 130 4.2.10 Singapore 131 4.2.11 South Korea 132 4.2.12 Sri Lanka 133 4.2.13 Taiwan 134 4.2.14 Thailand 135 4.3 Europe: Non-Monetary Gold Imports in 2016 136 4.3.1 Executive Summary 136 4.3.2 Albania 139 4.3.3 Austria 140 4.3.4 Belgium 141 4.3.5 Bulgaria 142 4.3.6 Croatia 142 4.3.7 Cyprus 142 4.3.8 Czech Republic 143 4.3.9 Denmark 144 4.3.10 Estonia 144 4.3.11 Finland 145 4.3.12 France 146 4.3.13 Georgia 147 4.3.14 Germany 148 4.3.15 Greece 149 4.3.16 Hungary 149 4.3.17 Iceland 150 4.3.18 Ireland 150 4.3.19 Italy 151 4.3.20 Kazakhstan 152 4.3.21 Latvia 152 4.3.22 Lithuania 152 4.3.23 Luxembourg 153 4.3.24 Malta 153 4.3.25 Moldova 154 4.3.26 Norway 154 4.3.27 Poland 155 4.3.28 Portugal 156 4.3.29 Slovakia 156 4.3.30 Slovenia 157 4.3.31 Spain 158 4.3.32 Sweden 159 4.3.33 Switzerland 160 4.3.34 the Netherlands 161 4.3.35 Ukraine 161 4.4 Latin America: Non-Monetary Gold Imports in 2016 162 4.4.1 Executive Summary 162 4.4.2 Bolivia 165 4.4.3 Brazil 166 4.4.4 Chile 166 4.4.5 Colombia 166 4.4.6 Costa Rica 167 4.4.7 Guatemala 167 4.4.8 Mexico 168 4.4.9 Panama 168 4.4.10 Peru 169 4.5 North America & the Caribbean: Non-Monetary Gold Imports in 2016 169 4.5.1 Executive Summary 169 4.5.2 Bermuda 172 4.5.3 Canada 173 4.5.4 Dominican Republic 174 4.5.5 the Bahamas 174 4.5.6 the United States 175 4.6 Oceana: Non-Monetary Gold Imports in 2016 176 4.6.1 Executive Summary 176 4.6.2 Australia 180 4.6.3 French Polynesia 181 4.6.4 New Caledonia 181 4.6.5 New Zealand 182 4.7 the Middle East: Non-Monetary Gold Imports in 2016 182 4.7.1 Executive Summary 182 4.7.2 Armenia 187 4.7.3 Azerbaijan 187 4.7.4 Bahrain 188 4.7.5 Iran 188 4.7.6 Israel 189 4.7.7 Jordan 189 4.7.8 Kyrgyzstan 190 4.7.9 Lebanon 190 4.7.10 Oman 191 4.7.11 Pakistan 191 4.7.12 Qatar 192 4.7.13 Saudi Arabia 193 4.7.14 the United Arab Emirates 194 4.7.15 Turkey 195 5 DISCLAIMERS, WARRANTEES, AND USER AGREEMENT PROVISIONS 196 5.1 Disclaimers & Safe Harbor 196 5.2 ICON Group International, Inc. 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